Film Review Essay (Pulp Fiction) - 1061 Words

Denis Salinas 04/23/2013 â€Å"Pulp Fiction† Film Review When giving a film and evaluation it is obvious that acting, setting and plot would fit in every gender, however to evaluate a crime movie the expectations and feedback changes. Crime movies are known for having a flexible plot that allows mystery and tension build up, characters and acting that will maintain their role alive and transfer emotions and dialog that stays clear and understandable. Writing that is able to keep the audience concentrated through long dialogs and it also has its unexpected twists. There are other basic requirements for example: camerawork, costume design and sound editing. Only a few movies have had the privilege to this day be considered works of art in the†¦show more content†¦Writing that is able to keep the audience concentrated through long dialogs and it also has its unexpected twists it’s a key part. Crime movies often move slowly, they build up suspense and situations and they give you a bone here and there so you don’t get bo red and stay until the climax of the story. â€Å"Pulp Fiction† is unique, it’s wonderfully written so each line fits on the designated actor. The story continues on and on with always interesting dialogs. The story takes its wild turns, one more unexpected than the last one. Moments that will take you by surprise are bound to happen. The writing is really fluent in the sense that in each individual scene there’s so much to like, and the best part of it, is the fact that none of the direction or the writing ever seems forced, but quite natural. The movie won’t feel rushed out, it takes times for discussions to go through, the dialog aren’t always attached to what the whole idea of the movie. For example; Vincent and Jules having a discussion about what a TV pilot just seems like a regular conversation between two guys but it doesn’t lose interest as it progress, it’s just interesting. Just like the writing Quentin Tarantino also direc ted the movie and like the writing, he gives everything its time. The way the movie is shot is quite interesting. In most movies a shot lasts a fewShow MoreRelatedNotes for Educating Rita2612 Words   |  11 Pagesrange of texts that illustrate different pathways into new experiences. | |They examine the features of texts that shape our knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about individuals venturing into new experiences. | 1. Read Scene 1 2. Review Questions from Last Class Scene 2 | | | | |She said I was off me cake | Read MoreSeminar: Literary Theory Applied to H.P. Lovecraft-Notably â€Å"the Beast in the Cave†6821 Words   |  28 Pagesas influential to English as the works of contemporaries Mark Twain or Edgar Allen Poe. 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Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches Free Essays

string(196) " to be provided with equal opportunities regardless of the race, sex, gender, national origin, age, creed or disability; yet racism continue to remain a common feature of the day \(Bauman 1997\)\." ABSTRACT This paper explores on racism in British sports. It will consider the extent to which racism in sports continues to prevail and the impact that racism may have on a sports coach or manager. This will include a brief review of the history of British sports, in particular, the presence of ethnic diversity in the British society and the involvement of this diversity in British sports. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper will also examine the main currents of sociological thought which have informed research in this field. It will consider some of the common perceptions of sports in the discussion of racism in sports and argue against the notion of any one body of thought being viewed as universal. The paper will point out that Success in sports is a result of a complex interplay of factors including motivation and access to opportunities and that the physiological differences between races have very little bearing on the performance of the individual. INTRODUCTION Sport is often known to many people as a place where normal problems of the â€Å"real† world cease to exist. Many believe the sports world to be a model of race relations. Through display via the television and any other media coverage, it is seen by most fans that it doesn’t matter whether one is black or white, what matters in the playing field is one’s ability. Hence, sport is seen by many as a paradigm of how an integrated society should look (Bradley 2006). However, a closer look at sports reveals that this idyllic picture is misleading. Although majority of the players in professional sports are the African-Americans, this doesn’t imply absence of racism. For example, the African -Americans are underrepresented in administrative ranks and coaching (Jarvie Reid 1997). Also some popular arguments serve to contribute to prejudices, myths and stereotypes about different racial groups hence leading to their discrimination. In this analysis we explore on the extent to which racism in sports continues to prevail and the impact that racism may have on a sports coach or manager. We shall begin our analysis by defining what we mean by racism and conduct a review of the history of British sports, in particular, the presence of ethnic diversity in the British society and the involvement this diversity in British sports WHAT IS RACISM? Racism is defined as any form of discrimination which may be in the form of restriction, distinction, exclusion or preference of a group of individuals based on their race, colour, descent and ethnic origin. This has the effect of impairing or nullifying enjoyment, recognition or exercise on the same footing of fundamental rights in various fields of public life (CRE 2004). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The British society has long been characterized by ethnic diversity. This diversity is attributed to historical reasons such as invasion, expansion and the role of Britain as a haven for those fleeing from persecution (British council 2003). In order to understand the relationship between ethnicity and sport, we must first review the history of Black and Asian immigrants into the UK. The black presence in the UK can be traced back to the Roman times. During the 3rd century, a small group of the Roman army, an African division, was deployed at Hadrian’s Wall and the Blacks entering Britain were limited to a small number by the Elizabethan parliament (British council 2003). Till the mid-20th century, Immigration into ports like London, Bristol, Cardiff and Liverpool was limited to a small number blacks, Asians, and Chinese people (British council 2003). Blacks’ involvement in British sports was first noticed after America gained its independence (1775-1783) (British council 2003). In boxing, for example, Randolph Turpin who emerged as the world middleweight champion in 1951, following his victory over the great Sugar Ray Robinson was known to be the black boxer of the era (British council 2003). In athletics, the British Caribbean gave a name to their sprinters towards the end of the 19th century up to the late 1950’s. Cricketers too were there including Learie Constantine for Trinidad, who played between the wars in Lancashire (British council 2003). IMPACT OF POST-WAR IMMIGRATION (1945-70) After World War II, Britain experienced several waves of immigration, with 492 jamaicans migrating to Tilbury Docks in 1948 followed by the Asians and West Indians (British council 2003). By 1958, the number of West Indians and Asians in Britain were about 125000 and 55000 respectively (British council 2003). These immigrants were largely welcomed by the National Health Service, and the transport, textile and service industries in efforts to rebuild Britain’s shattered economy. A final major phase of immigration occurred during the periods between 1968 and 1974 which saw over 70,000 Kenyan and Ugandan Asians immigrating to Britain (British council 2003). By 1974, the number of Black and Asian immigrants in Britain was more than one million (British council 2003). Today, it is claimed that the official government figures for minority ethnic groups in the UK stands at around 3.3 million Britons, a figure just below 6% of the British population (British council 2003). RACIAL TENSIONS With new immigrants in Britain, accommodating them then became a major problem with most of them settling in poor and inner-city areas. Prejudice and discrimination then became a feature of the immigrant experience. With immigrants concentrated in the poor and inner-city areas, racial tensions then became a feature of the British society with areas such as Notting Hill and Nottingham having the worst riot experiences of 1958 (British council 2003). Subsequent racial tensions were later seen during the 1979 and 1985 in parts of Liverpool, Bristol, and London as well as in many poor inner-city areas (British council 2003). Up to date, verbal abuse, harassment and oppression are still features of experiences of some minorities in Britain. More insidious, are the stereotypes, racial comments and racist beliefs that continue to become prevalent in British sports. RACISM IN SPORTS Both the law and common morality require all citizens in the public sphere to be provided with equal opportunities regardless of the race, sex, gender, national origin, age, creed or disability; yet racism continue to remain a common feature of the day (Bauman 1997). You read "Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches" in category "Essay examples" Racism still remains prevalent in most fields of public life, sport is no exception. Common arguments have often suggested sports as producing prejudices, myths and stereotypes that lead to discrimination and under-representation of certain groups of individuals in sports. Racial stereotypes remain firmly rooted in sports with a popular notion that the Blacks are in general more masculine and athletic than the whites (McDonald Birrell 1999). Their over-representation in certain sports is indicative of this and the media representation emphasizing their inherent physicality reinforces this perception. This has resulted in the view that the black and white are biologically different and that the dominance of the Blacks in certain sports is a result of their perceived genetic advantages, yet there is no convincing scientific proof of this (McDonald Birrell 1999). These stereotypical notions do not recognize wide with-in group variations and falsely make fixed and unambiguous assumptions of biological divisions. SUBTLE RACISM IN SPORTS The tendency to providing an explanation of the success of Black in sports solely in terms of inherited factors, thereby devaluing their achievements, is indicative of subtle racism (Garland Rowe 2001). The success of the Blacks in sports is often attributed to their physicality and a lack of cognitive endeavor while, on the other hand, the success of whites in sports is equated with dedication, intelligence, qualities of character, dependability and work ethics (Bradbury 2003). These apparent assumptions serve to reinforce some form of subtle racism in sports. REVERSE RACISM There is a general consensus that racism against the Blacks remains prevalent and that the white players rarely experience any form of racism in sports. This is however not true as there is a growing body of evidence that contradicts this belief. In fact, there are certain identity codes within the football culture that carry with it racial meanings. An illustrative example is the song â€Å"I’d rather be a paki than a scouse† which is often sung to Liverpool fans by fans from Manchester United, Chelsea and Arsenal (Back et.al. 2001). The song is directed at Merseyside fans with the intention of demoting the status of those that come from Merseyside from being a normal English society to one that is frowned upon (Back et.al. 2001). CRITICAL RACE THEORY Attempts have however been made to confront racial distinctions in the society. One of the frameworks established to challenge racism in the society is the Critical Race Theory (CRT). This framework has some utility for anti-racism in sport. CRT is an important theoretical tool that provides antiracists with a framework that challenges narrow race thinking, orthodoxies and under-theorized approaches in sport, hence strengthening their praxis in what critical race theorists view as a racist world (Hylton 2008). In simple terms, the CRT provides antiracists with a framework from which they can examine the prevalence of racism in the society where in the whites are privileged to the disadvantage of the blacks. It recognizes and acknowledges the voice of the blacks who are often marginalized in practice and mainstream policy (Hylton 2008). Two areas of convergence between anti-racists and critical race theorists are the focus on social justice and transformation. The CRT challenges institutional arrangements in sport, both present and past, that subjugate, racially discriminate and oppress (Hylton 2008). ETHNIC AND RACIAL DIVERSITY IN SPORTS As we have identified in the previous sections, there is the popular notion of the blacks as more inherently superior in physical ability than the whites. This is evident in their over-representation in high profile sports. For example, distance running is dominated by Kenyans and an African American is 28 times more likely than a white individual to reach NBA and 15 times to reach the NFL (Turner Rasmussen 2003). The trend is also reflected within the contemporary British society where, despite accounting for less than 2% of the overall population, the Blacks dominate with at least 50% of the British athletic squad, boxing champions, and first division basketball players (Turner Rasmussen 2003). Also, one in five professional soccer players is more likely to be an African American (Turner Rasmussen 2003). Their overrepresentation is even more notable in athletics. Until the 1960s, most of the sprint champions came from the white group (Turner Rasmussen 2003). Today, however, sprinting is dominated by the Blacks who hold 95% of the top times globally (Turner Jones 2010). Majority of the gold winners at the Atlanta games of 1996 were the Blacks. Also, almost all of the runners who have broken the 10-second barrier for 100 metres have been the Blacks (Turner Rasmussen 2003). On the contrary, however, they have underachieved in swimming relative to the whites. Inevitably, people draw conclusions from what they see, resulting in popular mythology and stereotypical views about the blacks. Research into group or individual differences have in general concentrated around the issue of nature vs nurture (Sugden Bairner, 1999). That is, the extent to which difference between groups can be explained from the biological perspective or as a result of environmental conditions such as access and opportunity. Where emphasis is placed on the environmental factors, the assumption is that the difference can be modified. Where emphasis is on the biological factors, it is assumed that the differences are stable and unchangeable (Sugden Bairner, 1999). However, actual evidence for genetic superiority in sports is scant and often flawed. The running superiority in Blacks has been speculated as a result of less subcutaneous fat and larger muscle mass (Daryl David 2010). This has also been used to explain their lack of success in swimming due to buoyancy. However, had this theory of buoyancy been valid, then we would have more women superior to men, and endomorphs to ectomorphs (Daryl David 2010). Clearly, this is not the case. In the actual sense, success can be attributed to the adaptive qualities resulting from strenuous training and cultural values (Roche 1998). There is need for an approach that recognizes that a range of factors must come into play including motivation and access to opportunities. The physiological differences between races have very little bearing on the performance of the individual. IMPACT OF RACISM ON SPORTS COACHES Racism in sports certainly creates insurmountable problems as they exert powerful influences on a person’s perception, sports coaches are no exception. For example, sports positional roles may be allocated depending on racial stereotypes. Racial stereotypes, within the sport dynamics, are apparent through stacking, a phenomenon where athletes are assigned certain playing positions by the coach based on the supposed racial attributes such as power and speed rather than actual achieved performance (Turner Jones 2010). More often, the Blacks have been relegated to positions associated with physical rather than mental prowess, while the white athletes have been relegated leadership positions (Turner Jones 2010). Research has shown that the stacking of the Black players to positions that emphasize physical rather than mental prowess, especially in games such as rugby and soccer, has become a common occurrence in the UK (Turner Jones 2010). Public pronouncements of managers and coaches have tended to perpetuate crude racial stereotypes. For example, in 1993, Ron Noades-chairman of Crystal Palace at the time- made some racial remarks in an infamous television documentary about his football team which was predominantly black (Bose 1996). As quoted in Bose (1996: p.84), Ron stated that â€Å"when you are getting into midwinter in England, you need a few of the maybe hard white men to carry the artistic black players through†. While manager at Queens Park Rangers (QPR), Jim Smith was noted claiming that the black players used very little intelligence and that their success in sports was due to their sheer natural talent (Cashmore 2003). These stereotypes are further perpetuated by the media through their reporting that emphasizes on the physicality rather than qualities such as effort, courage, and intelligence. The most notable example can be seen when the tabloid press picked on Linford Christie’s photograph in a tight fitting shorts and ran a crude sexual reference to his anatomy, based on the stereotype that blacks were more masculine and physically fit than the whites (British council 2003). Racism in sports is also evident through the underrepresentation of blacks in management positions. Despite the large representation of blacks in British sports, it is apparent that management and leadership positions are rarely made available to them. Only a few of them hold management positions, for example John Barnes who was previously the Liverpool winger is now in charge of managing Celtic (British council 2003). Similarly, very few positions are made available to the Black and Asian referees, with an exception of Uriah Rennie, who is currently on the Football League list (British council 2003). CONCLUSION As identified above, racial stereotypes remain firmly rooted in sports with the popular notion that the Blacks are naturally athletic and more masculine than the whites. These stereotypical notions do not recognize wide with-in group variations and falsely make fixed and unambiguous assumptions of biological divisions. Moreover, these stereotypes are further perpetuated by the media through their reporting that emphasizes on physicality before qualities such as intelligence, courage and effort. In addition, public pronouncements of managers and coaches have tended to perpetuate crude racial stereotypes. More often, the Blacks have been relegated to positions associated with physical rather than mental prowess, while the white athletes have been relegated leadership positions. Also some popular arguments serve to contribute to prejudices, myths and stereotypes about different racial groups. Clearly, racism is still a feature of the British sports. REFERENCE Back, L., T. Crabbe and J. Solomos, 2001. The Changing Face of Football: Racism, Identity and Multiculture in the English Game. Oxford: Berg Bauman, Z., 1997. Postmodernity and its Discontents. Cambridge: Polity Bose, M., 1996. The sporting alien: English sport’s lost Camelot. Edinburgh: Mainstream. Bradbury, S, 2003. Racisms and Anti-Racism in English Football. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leicester Bradley, J.M., 2006. Sport and the Contestation of Ethnic Identity: Football and Irishness in Scotland. â€Å"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies†, Vol 32 (7), pp. 1189-1208. British Council, 2003. Ethnicity and sport. {Viewed on 23rd February 2012}. Available from http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rosenl/sports%20Folder/Ethnicity%20and%20Sport.pdf Cashmore, E., 2003. Encyclopedia of race and ethnic studies. London: Routledge Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), 2004. Racial Equality in Football. CRE: London Daryl, A. and R. David, 2010. Beyond Boundaries‘Race’, ethnicity and identity in sport Garland, J. M. Rowe, 2001. Racism and Anti-Racism in Football. London: Palgrave Hylton, K., 2008. Race and sport: Critical Race Theory. Routledge: Taylor Francis Group Jarvie, G. and I. Reid, 1997. Race relations, sociology of sport and the new politics of race and racism. Stirling, Univesity of Stirling: E FN Spon Turner, D. and I. Jones, False startUK sprint coaches and black/white stereotypes. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire. {Viewed on 23rd February 2012} Available from https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/2407/1/900739.pdf Turner, D. and R. Rasmussen, 2003. On your marks, get stereotyped, go! Novice coaches and black stereotypes in sprinting. {Viewed on 22nd February 2012}. Available from https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/487/1/101603.pdf MacClancy. J. (ed.), 1996. Sport, Identity and Ethnicity. Oxford, Berg, pp.203. McDonald, M. and S. Birrell, 1999. ‘Reading sport critically: a methodology for interrogating Power’. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, pp.283–300. Roche, M. (ed.), 1998. Sport, Popular Culture and Identity. Aachen, Meyer Meyer Sport, pp.224 Sugden.J and A. Bairner (eds.), 1999. Sport in Divided Societies. Aachen, Meyer Meyer Sport, pp.234 How to cite Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches, Essay examples

Art Review Jesus and His Friends Essay Example For Students

Art Review Jesus and His Friends Essay This artwork, by Everett Moseley, is named â€Å"Jesus and His Friends. † I decided to choose Moseley’s artwork because it is a parody of the famous artwork, â€Å"Last Supper. † The original artwork â€Å"Last Supper,† was painted by the infamous artist Leonardo da Vinci. Because the painting â€Å"Jesus and His Friends† is the parody of â€Å"Last Supper,† I was able to recognize the painting and feel more familiar with the painting. Although the two painting is based on the same biblical event, there are differences among the two paintings. First of all, I received the feeling of happiness in the painting of â€Å"Jesus and His Friends. † The Original art â€Å"Last Supper† however, has the atmosphere full of sadness and remorse. Similar to the title â€Å"Last Supper,† the painting depicted Jesus’s last supper with his disciples before Jesus’s incarceration by the Roman soldiers. In Contrast, Moseley’s depiction of â€Å"Last Supper† includes laughter and smiles among both Jesus and his disciples. Another different quality of Mosely’s painting is the quality of â€Å"round-faced† of all the 13 individuals. Although I do not fully understand Mosely’s intentions behind â€Å"round-faced† individuals, I am attracted to his comical portrayal of the acclaimed biblical event. Also in the painting â€Å"Jesus and His Friends,† Moseley decided to use different colors on the table. In da Vinci’s original painting, the color of the table is portrayed white due to the white cloth; however, in Mosely’s â€Å"Jesus and His Friends,† the color of the table is blue. At first, the blue-colored table seemed odd to me, but when incorporating the color’s psychology into the overall atmosphere of the painting, everything seems to fit in perfectly. The color of blue symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. When applying blue’s symbolism to the painting’s atmosphere, it makes sense why the 13 individuals are fully of happiness and confidence, despite Jesus’s upcoming incarceration. Similar to the color of the table, Mosely also decided to use different colors to depict the clothing of the disciples. Mosely’s choice of the disciples’ clothing is red and green. The color of red symbolizes power, passion, love, and aggression. The color of green symbolizes nature, renewal, youth, and service. Artist Everett Moseley also portrayed the thirteen individuals’ hair color using thick and black coloring. By using the color black, the artist is symbolizing power, formality, elegance, mystery, and death. Another unique feature about the painting â€Å"Jesus and His Friends† is the individuals’ hands. Although I do not fully understand Moseley’s intentions, the artist painted the hands of the individuals very big. Also different from original painting, I received the feelings of happiness due to the cartoon-like portrayal of the overall atmosphere. When analyzing Moseley’s painting of â€Å"Jesus and His Friends,† there are pros and cons to the artwork. Because Moseley tried to emphasize cartoon-like atmosphere, the artwork looks as if a child drew the painting. Due to the simple colors, shape, and lines used by the artist, I could not feel the depth to this artwork. On the other hands, because of the antithetical mood of the overall painting compared to the â€Å"Last Supper,† I received the feeling of purity and chastity from â€Å"Jesus and His Friends. † I believe Moseley was able to generate such feelings for the viewers by emphasizing the individuals’ big smiles). Even in other paintings of Moseley, the artist emphasizes happy expression among the main figure to generate positive atmosphere. Although there aren’t any depth and details to the painting, I decided to choose this artwork because of its positive atmosphere of purity.